Published Studies
Machado et al. (2016)
Kinley et al. (2020)
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Design:
Freeze dried Asparagopsis meal incubated in rumen for 72 h with Rhodes grass hay. -
Test Article Conc.:
0, 1, 5, 10, or 25 µM bromoform
2% OM freeze-dried Asparagopsis (1.3 µM bromoform) -
Findings:
Bromoform: 1 µM ↓ CH₄ 43–52%
≥5 µM ↓ CH₄ 99%
Asparagopsis: 1 µM ↓ CH₄ 95%
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Design:
Beef steers (n = 20; 4 groups of 5)
Asparagopsis meal gradually introduced in TMR over 30 days, then maintained for 60 days -
Test Article Conc.:
Freeze-dried Asparagopsis meal
(0, 6, 12, 24 mg bromoform/kg feed) -
Findings:
Concentration-related CH₄ ↓
9%, 38%, and 98% reduction vs control
Kinley et al. (2016)
Roque et al. (2021)
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Design:
Freeze-dried Asparagopsis meal incubated in rumen for 72 h with Rhodes grass hay. Analysis at 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 h. -
Test Article Conc.:
1.0 g (OM) Rhodes grass and 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, or 10% Asparagopsis meal -
Findings:
Time- and concentration-related CH₄ ↓
↓ with ≥2% OM inclusion without negative effects on digestibility or fermentation
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Design:
Beef steers (n = 20; groups of 7, 7, and 6)
21-week TMR feeding with data collection every 3 weeks
Total exposure: 147 days -
Test Article Conc.:
Freeze-dried Asparagopsis meal
(0, 36, 72 mg bromoform/kg feed) -
Findings:
Concentration-related CH₄ ↓ (up to 80%)
Greater methane reduction in low-forage TMR vs high-forage
Chagas et al. (2019)
Cowley et al. (2024)
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Design:
Asparagopsis meal added to Timothy grass, rolled barley, and canola meal in rumen fluid and incubated 48 h -
Test Article Conc.:
Asparagopsis meal (0, 0.06, 0.23, 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 g/kg diet OM) -
Findings:
Time- and concentration-related CH₄ ↓
-
Design:
Beef steers (n = 18; groups of 4, 5, 5, 4)
Gradual introduction over 21 days + 56-day treatment
Weekly data collection -
Test Article Conc.:
Asparagopsis oil
(0, 17, 34, 51 mg bromoform/kg feed) -
Findings:
Concentration-related CH₄ ↓
Up to 99% reduction
Kinley et al. (2021)
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Design:
Asparagopsis meal added to several diets with varying grass:grain ratios and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h -
Test Article Conc.:
Asparagopsis meal (50, 80, 110, 140, and 160 mg bromoform/kg DM) -
Findings:
More effective in high-grain diets
Can reach ~99% CH₄ reduction at higher concentrations
Roque et al. (2019)
-
Design:
Dairy cows (n = 12; 3 groups of 4)
TMR feeding with 3 × 3 Latin square design
3 experimental periods of 14 days -
Test Article Conc.:
Freeze-dried Asparagopsis meal
(0, 12, 24 mg bromoform/kg feed) -
Findings:
Concentration-related CH₄ ↓
Up to 67% reduction
Kinley et al. (2022)
-
Design:
Asparagopsis meal vs Asparagopsis oil added to Rhodes grass hay and incubated for 24, 48, and 72 h -
Test Article Conc.:
Meal (95, 190, 286 mg bromoform/kg DM)
Oil (78, 117, 175 mg bromoform/kg DM) -
Findings:
Oil as effective as meal
CH₄ ↓ without negative effects on digestibility or fermentation
Stefenoni et al. (2021)
-
Design:
Dairy cows (n = 20; 4 groups of 4)
4 × 4 Latin square design
28-day periods (21-day adaptation + 7-day sampling) -
Test Article Conc.:
0, 0.25, or 0.5% freeze-dried Asparagopsis meal (DM basis)
Bromoform level unknown -
Findings:
CH₄ ↓ up to 80%
(0.5% Asparagopsis group)
Alvarez-Hess et al. (2023)
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Design:
Dairy cows (n = 39; 3 groups of 13)
Feeding twice daily in milking system over 32 days -
Test Article Conc.:
Asparagopsis oil with & without seaweed biomass
(0 or 16.7 mg bromoform/kg feed) -
Findings:
CH₄ ↓ up to 42%
(Asparagopsis oil without biomass)